The approximation property for spaces of Lipschitz functions

Let $\mathrm{Lip}_0(X)$ be the space of all Lipschitz scalar-valued functions on a pointed metric space $X$. We characterize the approximation property for $\mathrm{Lip}_0(X)$ with the bounded weak* topology using as tools the tensor product, the $\epsilon$-product and the linearization of Lipschitz mappings.Comment: Section 6 which appeared in the first version of this paper has been removed. The proof of Theorem 6.1 was not correc

The determinants of pricing in pharmaceuticals : are U.S. prices really higher than those of Canada?

This paper studies price determination in pharmaceutical markets using data for 25 countries, six years and a comprehensive list of products from the MIDAS IMS database. We show that market power and the quality of the product has a significantly positive impact of prices. The nationality of the producer appears to have a small and often insignificant impact on prices, which suggests that countries which regulates prices have relatively little power to do it in a way that advances narrow national interest. We produce a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon based on the fact that low negotiated prices in a country would have a knock-on effect in other markets, and is thus strongly resisted by producers. Another key finding is that the U.S. has prices that are not significantly higher than those of countries with similar income levels. This, together with the former observation on the effect of the nationality of producers casts doubt on the ability of countries to pursue “free-riding" regulation

Dark Energy in vector-tensor theories of gravity

We consider a general class of vector-tensor theories of gravity and show that solutions with accelerated expansion and a future type III singularity are a common feature in these models. We also show that there are only six vector-tensor theories with the same small scales behavior as General Relativity and, in addition, only two of them can be made completely free from instabilities. Finally, two particular models as candidates for dark energy are proposed: on one hand, a cosmic vector that allows to alleviate the usual naturalness and coincidence problems and, on the other hand, the electromagnetic field is shown to give rise to an effective cosmological constant on large scales whose value can be explained in terms of inflation at the electroweak scale.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table. Contribution to the proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2009, Bilbao, Spain, 7-11 September 200

THE UNIT ROOT PROPERTY WHEN MARKETS ARE SEQUENTIALLY INCOMPLETE

We consider pure exchange, one good OLG economies under stationary Markov uncertainty. It is known that when markets are sequentially complete, a stationary equilibrium at which the agents common matrix of intertemporal rates of substitution has a Perron root which is less than or equal to one is conditionally Pareto optimal (CPO). We assume that there exists a long-lived dividend paying asset and show that if dividends are strictly positive then the relation between the unit root condition and optimality holds even if markets are not sequentially complete. However, every equilibrium allocation is shown to be constrained CPO under the additional requirement that assets be freely disposable, which seems reasonable when dividends are positive and whose importance was pointed out by Santos and Woodford (1997) in their work on bubbles; this fact undermines the relation between the unit root property and optimality. The relation is less clear when dividends and asset prices are allowed to be negative in some states.Stochastic Overlapping Generations Models, IncompleteMarkets

The Determinants of Pricing in Pharmaceuticals: Are U.S. Prices Really Higher than Those of Canada?

This paper studies price determination in pharmaceutical markets using data for 25 countries, six years and a comprehensive list of products from the MIDAS IMS database. We show that market power and the quality of the product has a significantly positive impact of prices. The nationality of the producer appears to have a small and often insignificant impact on prices, which suggests that countries which regulates prices have relatively little power to do it in a way that advances narrow national interest. We produce a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon based on the fact that low negotiated prices in a country would have a knock-on effect in other markets, and is thus strongly resisted by producers. Another key finding is that the U.S. has prices that are not significantly higher than those of countries with similar income levels. This, together with the former observation on the effect of the nationality of producers casts doubt on the ability of countries to pursPharmaceutical prices

The determinants of pricing in pharmaceuticals: Are U.S. prices really higher than those of Canada?

This paper studies price determination in pharmaceutical markets using data for 25 countries, six years and a comprehensive list of products from the MIDAS IMS database. We show that market power and the quality of the product has a significantly positive impact of prices. The nationality of the producer appears to have a small and often insignificant impact on prices, which suggests that countries which regulates prices have relatively little power to do it in a way that advances narrow national interest. We produce a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon based on the fact that low negotiated prices in a country would have a knock-on effect in other markets, and is thus strongly resisted by producers. Another key finding is that the U.S. has prices that are not significantly higher than those of countries with similar income levels. This, together with the former observation on the effect of the nationality of producers casts doubt on the ability of countries to pursue "free-riding" regulation.Pharmaceutical prices

Yield management research through the analysis of scientific journals: preliminary results

The aim of this paper is to analyse articles relating to Yield Management published in a selection of journals at international level during the period 1996-2002. These will then subsequently be classified in accordance with List of Tourism Characteristic Products (drawn up by the World Tourism Organization and included in the Tourism Satellite Account), with a view to determining, on the one hand, which sectors data on Yield Management application is available for and, on the other, exploring new sectors that can be studied and researched. This paper forms part of a broader based paper which analyses publications relating to Yield Management in texts and monographs. The general goal of this line of research is to offer future researchers a methodical and exhaustive analysis of bibliography and research work done on the subject

Analyzing the Tagging Quality of the Spanish OpenStreetMap

In this paper, a framework for the assessment of the quality of OpenStreetMap is presented, comprising a batch of methods to analyze the quality of entity tagging. The approach uses Taginfo as a reference base and analyses quality measures such as completeness, compliance, consistence, granularity, richness and trust . The framework has been used to analyze the quality of OpenStreetMap in Spain, comparing the main cities of Spain. Also a comparison between Spain and some major European cities has been carried out. Additionally, a Web tool has been also developed in order to facilitate the same kind of analysis in any area of the world